Book Review on 'The Modern Firm' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Book Review on 'The Modern Firm' - Essay Example In this way, these experiences can be all the more promptly applied to any creating business firm to accomplish the ideal degree of achievement. As indicated by the Economist, The Modern Firm is the ..best business book of the year...deserves to be a classic...Nobody, it would now be able to be stated, is completely fit to run a cutting edge firm until they have perused The Modern Firm. (The Economist, sixteenth December, 2004). Times additionally concurs with Economist calling the book â€Å"interesting† that isn't so in numerous business literary works. Objective The book’s objective is to elucidate a portion of the center ideas in hierarchical financial aspects in a language available likewise for the laypeople (Fredrick Tell, November 2006). The Wave of Change In this book a solid calculated structure has been created to break down the interrelation between business condition, serious methodology and authoritative plan highlights. As per Fredrick Tell, the fundamen tal issue that Roberts talks about is the way highlights of system and association can be changed by a â€Å"designer† to accomplish more significant level of execution according to the firm’s setting. Businesses from all the sides of the globe are presenting new and current structures for their associations. They are going in for better and imaginative design. They are changing their procedures and schedules. In this way, we find that the absolute corporate culture is experiencing an emotional change in an offer to augment their benefit. In any case, every one of these progressions are contributing towards an incredible change that vows to reproduce the whole association. Consequently, we can see that the qualities and convictions of any association are extraordinarily changed with the progression of time. The progressions don't stop at the foundation level yet proceed onward to the force making specialists as well. Subsequently, more up to date overseeing bodies are being framed inside the associations that influence the general choice taking position. The authoritative outlines are being redrawn while the labor is contracted and made as differing as could be expected under the circumstances. Re-appropriating is additionally coming up as a savvy and basic arrangement that takes care of a great part of the efficiency issues. The instrument to compensate and propel individuals is being patched up. The data framework is likewise being updated to incorporate most recent innovations. Thus, the whole association is enduring a facelift to introduce the business in a more beneficial and better manner. Necessary Changes John Robert contends for these progressions as he says that they are obligatory for the development of the ventures. He says that these progressions would influence the association in a superior manner and quicken the companies’ execution and development. Be that as it may, the essayist alerts that the change ought not be never re ally cost of the fundamental benefit equation. The businesses that are as of now fruitful and demonstrating incredible fiscal returns should keep on grasping that triumphant equation while influencing the necessary by and large change. The Determinants of Performance According to the essayist, the presentation has three determinants-Strategy, Organization and Environment. Technique: What product is appropriate for which showcase? Association: It comprises of an assortment of laborers and the manner in which they are assembled. Condition: Customers, contenders, innovation, administrative and superb setting, different social, segment and political highlights, etc. At the point when every one of the three determinants work as per each other then the exhibition level is amplified that bring about a more noteworthy degree of accomplishment. PARC is Roberts’

Educational reform Essay Example

Instructive change Essay Example Instructive change Essay Instructive change Essay The subject of instructive change considering the web age is one that is both disputable and intriguing. At the point when you take a gander at nature of sources books are respectable yet relentlessly obsolete; the web is refreshed continually and practical. The web additionally gives unique quantities of sources to data, while a study hall has a controlled arrangement of educational plan support from books and presents. Homeroom settings likewise just give a distributed association in visual perception, with a tight extent of life encounters to broaden suppositions. The web is not the slightest bit disabled in that manner, and assorted variety advances inventiveness and development. These reasons alone are a sufficient motivation behind why I accept that training is better given when offered over the web. With regards to momentum data on the web, there are an abundance of spots that can facilitate your examination and give a plenty of information to free. Books in study halls field anyplace close to free and the books are composed from some time before the turn of the thousand years, if not before the nineties. Books are continually being re-composed, as well; they arent a financially savvy methods for passing on data any longer. The web is continually being refreshed and peer-looked into for precision, and you clearly dont need to get it each time another source is presented. In study halls, the educator gives data through vehicles of pamphlets, books, printed presents and films. Putting aside the recently passed on purposes of cost and out dated data, these techniques are likewise limited in scope just by the way that it is controlled. Basically, if the educator doesnt give another methods for the data, the understudies arent ensured to get enough. The web is much of the time likened to an expanse of data, wherever you look you can discover sources and considers, and regularly you can pick up similar thoughts gave in the source material and afterward some in light of the fact that there is a boundless degree available to you. The web is not, at this point the following large thing, it is the now. Each first world nation approaches some type of the web, and with it they bring their own encounters ND information. There is basically no exact method to bring this sort of decent variety into a homeroom setting in some other manner. Subjects like prejudice and fanaticism basically can't exist without an extremist extent of philosophy, and meeting individuals from different nations or significantly different states can help widen the skylines of information for understudies. Decent variety by and large is profoundly touted as an approach to take care of issues and carry new plans to the table, why wouldnt you need such something beneficial for understudies in the ext age? Without a better quality of learning, the United States will stay falling on the rundown of nations with school graduates. Obsolete wellsprings of data and restricted mechanisms of movement are effectively to fault, and the arrangement lies before us on about each advanced cell and PC; the web is a definitive transport of school. We have to move with other formed nations into the now, not remain in 1976 when your book was printed and your educator was conceived.

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Georgetown Universitys McDonough School of Business

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business MBA applicants can get carried away with rankings. In this series, we profile amazing programs at business schools that are typically ranked outside the top 15. Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business  unveiled an updated MBA curriculum in 2012â€"and with it, a revamped global emphasis. Dean David A. Thomas announced the changes as a response to the evolving global business landscape, meant to equip students “with the skills to be innovative leadersâ€"whether they are joining established organizations or becoming entrepreneurs.” During “opening term,” first-year students are required to take “Structure of Global Industries.” This immersive three-week core course provides a foundation in international business that runs through the required “modules” in the spring semester and culminates with the school’s newly expanded, signature “Global Business Experience” during students’ second year. In this program, students take on consulting roles working for actual international organizations. In the spring, student teams travel to their respective client’s countryâ€"such as South Africa, Turkey, Mexico, and I talyâ€"to gain firsthand experience working in a global consulting and management setting. After the participating students return to campus, they present the stories of and takeaways from their experiences to their classmates at the school’s Global Business Conference. Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business MBA applicants can get carried away with rankings. In this series, we profile amazing programs at business schools that are typically ranked outside the top 15. Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business  unveiled an updated MBA curriculum in 2012â€"and with it, a revamped global emphasis. Dean David A. Thomas announced the changes as a response to the evolving global business landscape, meant to equip students “with the skills to be innovative leadersâ€"whether they are joining established organizations or becoming entrepreneurs.” During “opening term,” first-year students are required to take “Structure of Global Industries.” This immersive three-week core course provides a foundation in international business that runs through the required “modules” in the spring semester and culminates with the school’s newly expanded, signature “Global Business Experience” during students’ second year. In this program, students take on consulting roles working for actual international organizations. In the spring, student teams travel to their respective client’s countryâ€"such as South Africa, Turkey, Mexico, and I talyâ€"to gain firsthand experience working in a global consulting and management setting. After the participating students return to campus, they present the stories of and take-aways from their experiences to their classmates at the school’s Global Business Conference. Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business MBA applicants can get carried away with rankings. In this series, we profile amazing programs at business schools that are typically ranked outside the top 15. Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business  unveiled an updated MBA curriculum in 2012â€"and with it, a revamped global emphasis. The school’s dean at the time, David A. Thomas, announced the changes as a response to the evolving global business landscape, meant to equip students “with the skills to be innovative leadersâ€"whether they are joining established organizations or becoming entrepreneurs.” During “opening term,” first-year students are required to take “Structure of Global Industries.” This immersive three-week core course provides a foundation in international business that runs through the required “modules” in the spring semester and culminates with the school’s newly expanded, signature “Global Business Experience” during students’ second year. In this program, students take on consulting roles working for actual international organizations. In the spring, student teams travel to their respective client’s countryâ€"such as South Africa, Turkey, Mexico, and Italyâ€"to gain firsthand experience working in a global consulting and management setting. After the participating students return to campus, they present the stories of and takeaways from their experiences to their classmates at the school’s Global Business Conference. Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business MBA applicants can get carried away with rankings. In this series, we profile amazing programs at business schools that are typically ranked outside the top 15. Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business  unveiled an updated MBA curriculum in 2012â€"and with it, a revamped global emphasis. The school’s dean at the time, David A. Thomas, announced the changes as a response to the evolving global business landscape, meant to equip students “with the skills to be innovative leadersâ€"whether they are joining established organizations or becoming entrepreneurs.” During “Opening term,” first-year students are required to take “Structure of Global Industries.” This immersive three-week core course provides a foundation in international business that runs through the required “modules” in the spring semester and culminates with the school’s newly expanded, signature “Global Business Experience” during students’ second year. In this program, students take on consulting roles working for actual international organizations. In the spring, student teams travel to their respective client’s countryâ€"such as South Africa, Turkey, Mexico, and Italyâ€"to gain firsthand experience working in a global consulting and management setting. After the participating students return to campus, they present the stories of and takeaways from their experiences to their classmates at the school’s Global Business Conference. Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business MBA applicants tend to overvalue rankings and so can overlook some strong business schools that might be a good fit. In this series, we profile amazing programs at schools that are typically ranked outside the top 15. Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business unveiled a new MBA curriculum in 2012 and with it, a revamped global emphasis. Dean David A. Thomas announced the changes as a response to the evolving global business landscape, meant to equip students “with the skills to be innovative leadersâ€"whether they are joining established organizations or becoming entrepreneurs.” During “opening term,” first-year students are required to take “Structure of Global Industries.” This immersive three-week core course provides a foundation in international business that runs through the required “modules” in the spring semester and culminates with the school’s newly expanded, signature “Global Business Experience” during students’ second year. In this program, students take on consulting roles working for actual international organizations. In the spring, student teams travel to their respective client’s countryâ€"such as South Africa, Turkey, Mexico, and Italyâ€"t o gain firsthand experience working in a global consulting and management setting. After the participating students return to campus, they present the stories of and take-aways from their experiences to their classmates at the school’s Global Business Conference. Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough

A Look Into the Past Jean Piagets Life and Work Essay

This paper will present an over view of Jean Piaget’s life. It will focus on details of his personal life, his contributions to psychology, his historical development, and his present contributions to his career. Jean Piaget’s research in developmental psychology and genetic epistemology answered the question: How does knowledge grow? Piaget’s findings have been and continue to be an inspiration to fields like psychology, sociology, education, epistemology, economics and law. Jean Piaget was born on August 9, 1896, in the town of Neuchatel which is part of the French-speaking region of Switzerland. He was the oldest child of Arthur Piaget who was a professor of medieval literature and wrote extensively on Neuchatel history at the†¦show more content†¦194). He was quite an independent child that took an early interest in biology and nature specially mollusks (shellfish). At the age of seven, Piaget wrote to the director of the Neuchatel natural history museum, Paul Godet, asking if he might study the museums mollusks collection after hours. Godet not only agreed but undertook to tutor Piaget in techniques for collecting and classifying new specimens (Piaget, 1980, para. 2). Piaget seemed to submerge himself in his interest for mollusks during his late adolescence to the point that he became a well-known malacologist and he helped in classifying the Neuchà ¢tels natural-history museum collection by finishing school. â€Å"His work became well known among European students of mollusks, who assumed he was an adult!† (Flavell, 1996, p. 202). However, after discovering his age some journal editors would no longer publish his articles. Hence, he published many papers in the field that remained of interest for him all along his life (Brainerd, 1996 p. 194). His notes on a rare part-albino sparrow were published when he was ten. This short paper is generally considered as the start of a brilliant scientific career made of over sixty books and several hundred articles (Brainerd, 1996, p. 192). One article, written when he was fifteen, led to a job offer at Genevas natural-history museum; Piaget declined in order to continue his education. Later in adolescence, he faced a bit of a crisis brought about by hisShow MoreRelatedWgu Fht Task 11675 Words   |  7 Pagesa person’s cognition. Two theorists that are commonly known in the field of cognitive development are Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. These two theorists agree on the several concepts of cognitive development but differ on others, the most commonly agreed difference among all theorists involved in cognitive development is the simple yet complex question of how cognitive development occurs. Jean Piaget, born 1896 and died 1980, was a Swiss psychologist; his focused was on the way an individual childRead MoreLawrence Kohlberg s Levels Of Morality1422 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst level is the preconventional level followed by the conventional level, and then the postconventonal level. Within each of these levels, each level contains two different stages, resulting in six stages in all. Kohlberg’s was influenced by Jean Piaget’s theory, his theory focused on cognitive development, but he was motivated Piaget ‘s theory that described how a child develops moral understanding. It encouraged Kohlberg to research deeper and develop his theory of moral development more in depthRead More Jean Piaget Essay2046 Words   |  9 PagesJean Piaget Introduction Now known as one of the trailblazers of developmental psychology, Jean Piaget initially worked in a wide range of fields. Early in his career Piaget studied the human biological processes. These processes intrigued Piaget so much that he began to study the realm of human knowledge. From this study he was determined to uncover the secrets of cognitive growth in humans. Jean Piaget’s research on the growth of the human mind eventually lead to the formation of theRead MoreThree Theories of Cognitive Development1674 Words   |  7 PagesThree Theories of Cognitive Development The Swiss psychologist and philosopher Jean Piaget (1896-1980) is well-known for his work towards the cognitive sciences. Arguably one of his most important contributions involves his theory of cognitive development. In this theory, thinking progresses through four distinct stages between infancy and adulthood. Similar in scope to Piaget’s theory is Information Processing, in which human thinking is based on both mental hardware and mental software (KailRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Psychology1187 Words   |  5 Pages Jean Piaget was at the forefront of the Cognitive Psychology movement and one of the most influential developmental psychologists of the 20th century. His work on schemas, adaptation, and his development theory are still being used today in most professional settings as a way to understand the development of the child. His work on schemas led to a new understanding of mental illness, paving the way for Cognitive-Behavioral therapies and other therapeutic methods that are based off faulty thinkingRead MoreContinuity And Theory Of Continuity897 Words   |  4 PagesContinuity and discontinuity are two theories in developmental psychology that attempt to explain how people change throughout their lives. The continuity theory states that a person changes throughout life along a smooth course, while the discontinuity theory states that people change abruptly. Merriam-Webster defines continuity as an uninterrupted connection, succession, or union, or an uninterrupted duration or continu ation especially without essential change. Change is defined as to make differentRead MoreExplain Different Concepts1726 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive theories of development look at how thought processes and mental operations influence growth and change. Cognitive theory is looking at the development of a person s thought processes. It also looks at how these thought processes influence how we understand and interact with the world. One theorist and cognitive thinker was Jean Piaget, who gave an idea about how we think about child development. This is that children think differently than adults. Jean Piaget created one of the most famousRead MoreEssay about Jean Piaget: The Man Behind the Lab Coat4555 Words   |  19 PagesJean Piaget: The Man Behind the Lab Coat Jean Piagets legacy is one that has affected a wide disparity of disciplines. Commonly acknowledged as one of the foremost psychologists of the 20th century, certainly the premiere child developmental psychologist, Piaget preferred to be referred to as a genetic epistemologist. This is because he identified child psychology as being limited to merely the study of the child, whereas his main focus was the study of the origins, characteristics, and limitationsRead MoreFreud s Theory Of Sexual Development1652 Words   |  7 Pagesnow accepted as the female gender role (Freud, 1905). Jean Piaget Interview Questions Anthony: How do young children develop morals and reasoning? Piaget: Children’s thinking is based on how their actions affect them. This is called â€Å"moral realism with objective responsibility† and it explains why younger children are more concerned with the outcomes rather than intentions (Piaget, 1965). Older children examine rules more clearly and look at the motives behind their actions rather than the consequencesRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development2725 Words   |  11 PagesDefinition Jean Piaget Jean Piaget (1896 – 1980) was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development. He wanted to answer the fundamental question of how does a child’s knowledge of the world change with age. In answering this question, Piaget made the assumption that the child is an active participant in the development of knowledge; constructing his/her own understanding. This idea, perhaps more than others, has influenced the thinking of all developmentalists who have

What Was Life Like in an Ancient Roman Apartment

Have you ever shouted, â€Å"The rent is too damn high†? Watched your monthly rent payments skyrocket with no end in sight? Dodged disgusting vermin? You’re not alone. The ancient Romans had the same problems with their apartments. From slumlords to sanitation problems, pests to putrid odors, Roman urban living was no walk in the park., especially with tiles and waste falling down on you from windows above. Shoved Together in Uncomfortable Quarters Even in the very early days of Rome, people were shoved together in uncomfortable quarters. Wrote Tacitus, â€Å"This collection of animals of every kind mixed together, distressed both the citizens by the unusual stench, and the peasants crowded together into their close apartments, with heat, want of sleep, and their attendance on each other, and contact itself propagated the disease.†Ã‚  That continued on into the Republic and empire. Roman Tenements Roman tenements were called insulae, or islands, because they occupied whole blocks, with the roads flowing around them like water around an island.  The insulae, often consisting of six to eight apartment blocks built around a staircase and central courtyard, housed poor workers who couldn’t afford a traditional domus or house. Landlords would rent out the very bottom spots to shops, much like modern apartment buildings. Scholars have estimated that 90 to 95 percent of the population of the port town of Ostia resided in insulae. To be fair, there are dangers in applying data from other cities, especially Ostia, where insulae were often well-built, to Rome itself.  By the fourth century A.D.,  though, there were around 45,000 insulae in Rome, as opposed to fewer than 2,000  private homes. Lower Floors Had Wealthiest Tenants Many people would have been crammed into their quarters, and, if you were fortunate enough to own your apartment, you could sublet it, leading to lots of legal complications. Not much has changed, let’s be honest. Apartments—a.k.a. cenacula—on the lower floor  would be the easiest to access and, therefore, contain the wealthiest tenants; while poorer individuals were precariously perched on higher floors in tiny rooms called cellae. If you lived on the top floor, life was a trip.  In Book 7 of his Epigrams, Martial told the story of a gluttonous social hanger-on named Santra, who, once he finagled an invitation to a dinner party, pocketed as much food as he could. â€Å"These things he carries home with him, up some two hundred steps,† Martial noted, and Santra sold the food the next day for a profit. All Falls Down Often made of concrete-covered brick, insulae usually contained five or more stories. They were sometimes so flimsily built, thanks to poor craftsmanship, foundations, and building materials, that they collapsed and killed passersby. As a result, emperors restricted how high landlords could construct insulae. Augustus limited the height to 70 feet. But later, after the Great Fire in 64 A.D.—during which he supposedly fiddled—Emperor Nero â€Å"devised a new form for the buildings of the city and in front of the houses and apartments he erected porches, from the flat roofs of which fires could be fought, and these he put up at his own cost.† Trajan later lowered the maximum building height to 60 feet. Building Codes and Slumlords Builders were supposed to make walls at least an inch and a half thick, so as to give people a lot of room. That didn’t work so well, especially since building codes probably weren’t followed, and most tenants were too poor to prosecute slumlords. If insulae didn’t fall down, they could be washed away in a flood. Thats about the only time their inhabitants would get natural water since there was rarely in-home plumbing in an apartment. They were so unsafe that the poet Juvenal quipped in his Satires,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Who fears, or ever feared, that their house might collapse† in the countryside? No one, obviously.  Things were very different in the city, however, he said: â€Å"We inhabit a  Rome  held up for the most part by slender props since that’s the way management stop the buildings falling down.† The insulae caught fire frequently, Juvenal noted, and those on the upper floors would be the last to hear warnings, he said: â€Å"The last to burn will be the one a bare tile protects from the rain.†Ã‚   Strabo, in his Geography, commented that there was a vicious cycle of houses burning down and collapsing, sales, then subsequent reconstruction on the same site. He observed, â€Å"The building of houses †¦ goes on unceasingly in consequence of the collapses and fires and repeated sales (these last, too, going on unceasingly); and indeed the sales are intentional collapses, as it were since the purchasers keep on tearing down the houses and build new ones, one after another, to suit their wishes.†Ã‚   Some of the most famous Romans were slumlords. The illustrious orator and politician Cicero derived a lot of his income from rents from insulae he owned.  In a letter to his best friend Atticus, Cicero discussed turning an old bath into tiny apartments and urged his pal to outbid everyone for the property he wanted. The uber-wealthy Marcus Licinius Crassus supposedly waited for buildings to burn down—or perhaps set the blazes himself—to snap them up at a bargain price. One can only wonder if he then hiked the rent...

Outline and Evaluate the Behavioural Approach to...

Outline and Evaluate the Behavioural Approach to Psychopathology The behaviourist approach assumes that all behaviours are learnt. It suggests that there are three ways in which this learning can happen, these are classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social learning. The first method is classical conditioning this is when behaviour is learnt through association; via a stimulus and a response. This is an explanation for phobias, an abnormal behaviour can be learned by associating an environmental stimulus; a dog, with a biological response; fear and pain when bitten by the dog. Therefore, every time a person previously bitten by a dog sees a dog, they experience the same fear they felt when being bitten. Thus, the person would†¦show more content†¦The behaviourist approach focuses on the present behaviour of an individual and not take into account on the past events, this is a strength as memory can sometimes not be reliable and the most fundamental aspect is the patient’s condition and finding a cure to prevent it rather than focusing on the cause. For example, in the case of phobias, this approach attempts to unlearn it rather than find the cause. However, this may only temporarily cure the phobia as the cause is unidentified due to this approach. Another strength is that there are practical applications. The model suggests that abnormal behaviours are learnt, thus the best way to treat it to unlearn faulty learning. This suggests that this model can improve the quality of people’s lives, for example desensitisation can be used to treat those with phobias. A weakness is that this approach doesn’t establish the cause of abnormal behaviour. Critics say that just because abnormal behaviour can be changed by therapy, it does not mean that it was learnt. For example therapy can lead an anorexic person to put on weight, this does not mean they are cured, because they will never reach the optimum of their health due to the underlying cause of anorexia still being there. This weakness suggests that this model is not always scientific. Another weakness is that this approach is reductionist because it overstates learnt factors in abnormality and ignored other factorsShow MoreRelatedPsychology1226 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst given a talk about emotion-focused approaches and then given a talk about problem-focused approaches. They were then asked which one of these strategies they generally preferred. Preferred coping strategy Emotion-focused approach Men Women 1 (a) 11 27 Problem-focused approach 39 23 What might the researcher conclude from these data? ............................................................................................................................................ ......................Read MoreCY-Harm Identifies Children at Risk to Harm Others2473 Words   |  10 Pageswhich can include physical aggression, but also bullying, name calling, teasing and coercive acts. Proactive aggression is associated with higher levels of criminal behaviour, substance use disorders, disruptive behaviour, and higher levels of psychopathology later in life. †¢ The incidence of both types of aggression is roughly equal for boys and girls in clinically-referred samples of children and youth, although reactive aggression is more prevalent (59% males, 56% females) than proactive aggressionRead MoreAn Evaluation of Be Clear on Cancer Essay2028 Words   |  9 PagesThe aim of this essay is to evaluate the implications of the recent government health initiative ‘Be Clear on Cancer’. Here, a brief history of why the initiative was introduced in relation to public health and the political agenda will be discussed. However, it is first essential to understand how the modern healthcare has been shaped by historic and recent developments. Furthermore, understanding the influence on healthcare practice of healthcare theories and various models will be investigatedRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pagesand early 1990s, behavioral researchers like Paul Salkovskis and Jack Rachman were advocating a m ore integrative theory and treatment of OCD, an approach that amalgamated the behavioral treatment of OCD with Beck’s (1976) cognitive theory of emotional disorders. From these two theoretical perspectives on clinical disorders, a new cognitive-behavioral approach to obsessions and compulsions was born. In many respects, my own professional development has taken a path similar to that seen in cognitive-behavioralRead MoreConflict Management and Emotional Intelligence63003 Words   |  253 Pages      1   1.2 Research  issues  and  contributions        Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      4   1.3 Justification  for  the  research        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚                  6   1.4 Research Method           Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚         1.5 Outline  of  the  dissertation                                                                  11   1.6 Definitions  of  Terms                    Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   12   1.7 Delimitations  of  scope  and  key  assumptions              Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   16

Stress Causes Substantial Labour Productivity †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Stress Causes Substantial Labour Productivity. Answer: Introduction According to Jayakrishnan, Thomas, Rao George (2013), the construction industry is one of the most flourishing and leading industries across the globe. The construction workers have to work in extremely unfavourable working conditions (Torn Jrvholm, 2014). Construction workers have been found to be at a high risk of developing chronic diseases like diabetes (Dong, Wang Largay, 2015). The construction industry has also been criticised for its risky occupational setting. It is has been found that despite the strong performance of the construction industry, the rising incidence of injuries continue to remain a problem (Hosseini, Chileshe Zillante, 2014). Studies have shown that working in such onerous occupational setting takes a toll on the mental health of the construction workers (Sousa, Almeida Dias, 2014). Keeping in mind the largely outdoor occupational setting of construction work, the incidence of heat related stress and the psychological damage of the construction workers have become quite common. Therefore, the objective of this review of literature is discuss and reflect upon studies that have addressed this issue among the construction workers. The examination of the literature on this issue would be helpful in fathoming the veracity of the situation and pave path for risk reduction measures in compliance with the construction industry. Boschman et al., (2013), in their work on Psychological work environment and mental health among construction workers encapsulates the emerging issue of psychological risk factors among the construction workers. The authors argue that there have been extensive research on the plight of health of the construction labourers. However, there have been limited studies on the ubiquitous psychosocial risks among the construction workers. The method adopted for his study was questionnaire survey. The sample population for the survey comprised of 750 construction supervisors and 750 bricklayers who were randomly chosen from the Dutch Registry. The bricklayers who were chosen for the research were responsible for the construction of new buildings. The study was interested to understand the age, the characteristics of job, the psychosocial work characteristics, safety issues, and the effects of mental health on the construction workers. Logistic regression was used to analyze the connection bet ween self-reported condition of mental health and the psychosocial factors of the occupation. It was found that the bricklayers has experienced extremely harsh working conditions, there are learning opportunities and there were future perspectives. In case of the construction supervisors, they experience psychological pressure from the and the need for recovery. The study found that the supervisors had greater mental health related problems as compared to the bricklayers. These psychological issues include post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, distress and post work recovery. It was revealed that the incidence of quantity and high work were associated with depression. In case of supervisors inadequate social support and limited scope of participation in decision-making were understood to be the cause of depression. According to Zander et al., (2015), in their study on heat stress causes substantial labour productivity the issue of heat stress at the workplace is responsible for the reduction of labour productivity. Employing an approach derived from the health economics, it was found that self-reported issues of absenteeism at work can be attributed to the climatic conditions. The study is important because it is the first time that the effect of heat related stress and its implications on work was studied. Earlier there have been studies on the tendency of Thai workers to be injured during their work. The importance of the study can also be understood as it is the first time in Australia; a study was interested in understanding the cost of heat related stress. The study found that a number of 1214 construction workers were extremely stressed out and became 35 per cent less productive. The study also found the workers were stressed out for more than one occasion. To meet the requirements of the occupation, these construction workers have to compensate by working for longer hours on favourable climatic conditions. The study showed that 70 per cent of the sample population were less productive and 7 per cent of the population had to remain absent at least for a day. Another finding of the study was that there was a correlation between absenteeism and gender. It was reported that that men had to endure greater economic loss than women. This research will be helpful for the employers in devising strategies that would equip them to manage the impact of heat. One major limitation of the study which is also realized by the authors is that there is a need to focus on the underlying factors of the hot climate that influence absenteeism and presenteeism. There is a need to understand the impact of heat on the unpaid and informal economy. The authors have recommended the deployment of standardized questionnaire that would be useful in understanding the heat related stress and the ps ychological effect on the workers. In the study titled Which environmental indicator is better able to predict the effects of heat stress on construction workers, Yin and Chan, (2015), argue that the occupational setting of the construction workers is exemplified by extremely hot and onerous working conditions. The authors have established different stress models and found that environmental indicators are the most appropriate ways of predicting the impact of health related stress on the construction workers. The method adopted by the authors was intensive field studies during the month of summer in Hong Kong in the year 2011 from July to August. The study was interested in examining the parameters of related to the physiological, work related, personal and environmental impact on the construction workers. It was MAPE (Mean Absolute Per centage Error) and the concept of Theils U inequality coefficient. Earlier studies have found that the most appropriate method to quantify climatic heat is to draw the adverse effects of heat in the backdrop of the thermal environment in which it occurs. The highlight of the research lies in its ability to identify the most sophisticated environmental indicator in the prediction of the implications of heat related stress on the construction workers. The findings from the study is useful for the construction industry and ancillary industries regarding the policies of working in extremely harsh climatic conditions. The study has been criticized for its selected sample size which has been considered as limited to make generalizations. According to Xiang, Pisaniello and Hansen, (2014), the increase in frequency of heat due to the extremely humid conditions is becoming a rising occupational hazard for the construction workers. The study is important on the grounds that it demonstrate the impact of heat related stress on the the construction workers. The authors noted that there is a tendency to underreport and neglect the heat related stress faced by the construction workers. The authors conducted a survey of literature to examine the contribution of previous studies in the subject of heat related stress for the construction workers. Xian et al., (2014), in their work titled The impact of heatwaves on workers health and safety in Adelaide were interested to understand the impact of heatwaves on the construction workers health and safety. The study found that workers who are exposed to harsh weather conditions and have to work outdoor would make an injury claim of 6.2 per cent. The authors recognized that with the rise in temperature, there is an imperative to address the issue by adapting to the specific weather conditions and adopting preventive measures suitable for policy implementations and practise. The Work Health and Safety Legislation, 2011 in Australia has enshrined that there is a need for a nationally uniform and pragmatic framework that ensures the safety of the workers and provides security of their health (Work Health and Safety Act 2011, 2018). The guideline states that the government si committed towards the protection of the workers associated with different industries and strives to eliminate the risks that may emerge due to the nature of the occupational settings. The guideline states that the government encourages the unions the organizations of the employers to look into the sector of work and safety practises. The government is committed towards the training and education of the construction workers concerning their occupational health and safety. In addition, to these the government will persistently aim for the improvement of the standards of work health and safety. The government guideline further states that it is committed towards maintenance and strengthening of the national laws that would foster a national approach for improvising on the health and safety jurisdiction in Australia. Conclusion The review of literature show that the impact of heat related stress on the workers is quite severe and these affect their productivity. Stress not just affects the productivity of the workers but also add to their economic burden, as they have to make more injury claims. Extreme climatic conditions under which the construction workers are expected to operate propels towards absenteeism of the workers. These absenteeism has a gender dimension as more women are absent than men. In case the workers are unable to work during the extreme weather conditions, they have to compensate by working on other days, thereby compromising on their leisure hours. This review of literature will be helpful to address the impact and veracity of heat related stress and the associated risks on the construction workers. It would be helpful in improving on the existing policies as enshrined in the Health and Safety Legislation 2011 in Australia. There is an urgent need to seek sustainable solution with the aim to mitigate the risks faced by the construction workers. Reference and bibliography Boschman, J. S., Van der Molen, H. F., Sluiter, J. K., Frings-Dresen, M. H. W. (2013). Psychosocial work environment and mental health among construction workers.Applied ergonomics,44(5), 748-755. Dong, X. S., Wang, X., Largay, J. A. (2015). Occupational and non-occupational factors associated with work-related injuries among construction workers in the USA.International journal of occupational and environmental health,21(2), 142-150. Hosseini, M. R., Chileshe, N., Zillante, G. (2014). Investigating the factors associated with job satisfaction of construction workers in South Australia.Construction Economics and Building,14(3), 1-17. Jayakrishnan, T., Thomas, B., Rao, B., George, B. (2013). Occupational health problems of construction workers in India.International Journal of Medicine and Public Health|,3(4). Sousa, V., Almeida, N. M., Dias, L. A. (2014). Risk-based management of occupational safety and health in the construction industryPart 1: Background knowledge.Safety Science,66, 75-86. Tixier, A. J. P., Hallowell, M. R., Albert, A., van Boven, L., Kleiner, B. M. (2014). Psychological antecedents of risk-taking behavior in construction.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,140(11), 04014052. Torn, K., Jrvholm, B. (2014). Effect of occupational exposure to vapors, gases, dusts, and fumes on COPD mortality risk among Swedish construction workers: a longitudinal cohort study.Chest,145(5), 992-997. Work Health and Safety Act 2011. (2018).Legislation.gov.au. Retrieved 11 April 2018, from https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017C00305 Xiang, J., Bi, P., Pisaniello, D., Hansen, A. (2014). The impact of heatwaves on workers? health and safety in Adelaide, South Australia.Environmental research,133, 90-95. Xiang, J., Bi, P., Pisaniello, D., Hansen, A. (2014). Health impacts of workplace heat exposure: an epidemiological review.Industrial health,52(2), 91-101. Yi, W., Chan, A. P. (2014). Which environmental indicator is better able to predict the effects of heat stress on construction workers?. Journal of management in engineering,31(4), 04014063. Zander, K. K., Botzen, W. J., Oppermann, E., Kjellstrom, T., Garnett, S. T. (2015). Heat stress causes substantial labour productivity loss in Australia.Nature Climate Change,5(7), 647.

Separate Peace Research Paper free essay sample

A Separate Peace,† John Knowles once said, â€Å"Looking back now across fifteen years I could see with great clarity the fear I had lived in, which must mean that in the interval I had succeeded in a very important undertaking: I must have made my escape from it† (Knowles 10). The â€Å"fear† mentioned previously, is a result of the times Knowles lived in, a time of a war, which had even affected his comfortable life at a private school. A Separate Peace,† by John Knowles, was influenced by his life experience at his time spent at Exeter Academy, and the ongoing war, World War II. The period of time John Knowles spent at Exeter Academy influenced the execution of his novel, â€Å"A Separate Peace. † Several real life events, objects and people made their way into a complicated web of friendship at the Devon Academy. For example, the Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session, first mentioned on page 51, in chapter four of the novel, was a real socie ty. We will write a custom essay sample on Separate Peace Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In an article done by Bernard Carragher, Knowles admits that there was a Super Suicide Society, and that he was part of it, â€Å"Knowles also admits there was a Super Suicide Society, but there were no broken legs or deaths. â€Å"In fact, I was the one that got a serious cut on my foot and it was I who was hobbling around all summer on crutches. . . † says Knowles. † In the novel, the young men create a Super Suicide Society, and it is run by Finney. In order to get in, you must go through initiation, which was jumping of the tree branch by the river, the boys even continue to jump out of it every night, justifying it by saying that they were â€Å"Preparing for the war,† (Knowles 22). The main characters are actually based off of real people as well; John Heyl (Phineas) and Parker Stevenson (Gene Forrester). â€Å"The story is of two roommates- the quiet, intellectual Gene (Parker Stevenson) and the outgoing, brilliantly athletic Finney (John Heyl) at Devon (i. e. Exeter) during the crucial summer of ’42, trying to establish a eace away from the furor of World War II,† (Carragher D). Living during World War II also influenced the execution of Knowles’ novel â€Å"A Separate Peace. † World War II was the largest and most destructive conflict in human history (World War II). The U. S. industry was busy building ships, planes and submarines, which was the most direct effect on the U. S. (World Wa r II). Although America had not been attacked on the home front, many Americans were put into states of shock, and surprisingly this brought up a new sense of patriotism; such patriotism seen in â€Å"A Separate Peace,† and even demonstrated by Elwin Leper Lepellier. Leper is the first to enlist in the army, in chapter nine (Knowles 123). This enlistment scares the boys at Devon, because it made the war more real, and it reminds them of the draft. Seeing that all the boys at Devon are nearing the age of adulthood, they could possibly be drafted (Knowles). In an interview Knowles expressed his and Heyl’s opinions of the draft, and how it felt for them, â€Å"One connecting thread between the Exeter classes of ’42 and ’71 was the war and the draft, two topics which Heyl has definite ideas about. I would kill for my country,† he says, â€Å"if it was invaded, but I refuse to go to Vietnam and kill somebody I don’t even know. When I was 18, I was almost drafted, and if it wasn’t for my asthma getting me classified 4F, I probably would have had to go,† says Heyl,† (Carragher 18). These quotes express the impact of the war, and the fear it installed in everyone’s hearts, especially the heart s of young men, like the boys at Devon Academy, and in John Knowles, in his younger years. The author of â€Å" A Separate Peace,† John Knowles once said, â€Å"Looking back now across fifteen years I could see with great clarity the fear I had lived in, which must mean that in the interval I had succeeded in a very important undertaking: I must have made my escape from it† (Knowles 10). The â€Å"fear† mentioned previously, is a result of the times Knowles lived in, a time of a war, which had even affected his comfortable life at a private school. In conclusion, â€Å"A Separate Peace,† by John Knowles, was influenced by his life experience at his time spent at Exeter Academy, and the ongoing war, World War II.

UTC, GMT, and Zulu Time Explained

UTC, GMT, and Zulu Time Explained When you read weather forecasts and maps, you may notice a four-digit number followed by the letter Z somewhere at their bottom or top. This alpha-numeric code is called Z time, UTC, or GMT. All three are time standards in the weather community and keep meteorologists- regardless of where in the world they forecast from- using the same 24-hour clock, which helps avoid confusion when tracking weather events between time zones. Although the three terms are used interchangeably, there are small differences in meaning. GMT Time: Definition Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the clock time at the Prime Meridian (0 º longitude) in Greenwich, England. Here, the word mean means average. It refers to the fact that noon GMT is the moment on average each year when the sun is at its highest point in the sky at the Greenwich meridian. (Because of Earths uneven speed in its elliptical orbit and its axial tilt, noon GMT isnt always when the sun crosses the Greenwich meridian.)   History of GMT.  The use of GMT began in 19th century Great Britain when British mariners would use the time at the Greenwich Meridian and the time at their ships position to determine the ships longitude. Because the UK was an advanced maritime nation at the time, other mariners adopted the practice and it eventually spread worldwide as a standard time convention independent of location. The Problem with GMT. For astronomical purposes, the GMT day was said to start at noon and run until noon the following day. This made it easier for astronomers because they could log their observational data (taken overnight) under a single calendar date. But for everyone else, the GMT day started at midnight. When everyone switched to the midnight-based convention in the 1920s and 1930s, this midnight-based time standard was given the new name of Universal Time to avoid any confusion. Since this change, the term GMT isnt used much anymore, except by those living in the UK and its Commonwealth countries where its used to describe the local time during the winter months. (Its analogous to our Standard Time here in the United States.) UTC Time: Definition Coordinated Universal Time is a modern version of Greenwich Mean Time. As mentioned above, the phrase, which refers to GMT as counted from midnight, was coined in the 1930s. Other than this, one of the biggest differences between GMT and UTC is that UTC does not observe Daylight Saving Time. Backward Abbreviation. Ever wonder why the acronym for Coordinated Universal Time isnt CUT? Basically, UTC is a compromise between the English (Coordinated Universal Time) and French phrases (Temps Universel Coordonnà ©). the use the same official abbreviation in all languages.   Another name for UTC Time is Zulu or Z Time. Zulu Time: Definition Zulu, or Z Time is UTC Time, only by a different name. To understand where the z comes from, consider the worlds time zones. YEach is expressed as a certain number of hours ahead of UTC or behind UTC? (For example, UTC -5 is Eastern Standard Time.) The letter z refers to the Greenwich time zone, which is zero hours (UTC 0). Since the NATO phonetic alphabet (Alpha for A, Bravo for B, Charlie for C...) word for z is Zulu, we also call it Zulu Time.

Research critique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research critique - Assignment Example The reason this article was chosen, and the nexus of its relevance as stated in the research questions, is that it specifically seeks to understand real issues as applied to real nurses (Akerstedt, et al. 2002). It takes into account the difference between many important demographic qualities. [104] Purpose of Study. The study is investigating possible contributors to maladaptive health outcomes in nurses who work full-time. Age and familial demands placed on the nurse are considered and weighed, as are the impacts of fatigue and recovery from night shift work. The outcomes were interesting, particularly the conclusion that domestic responsibilities are not significant contributors to maladaptive health outcomes. What was found to be significant was the shift pattern worked, especially night duty (Demerouti, et al. 2001). Interestingly, the effect of age was found to be equivocal with the younger nurses showing poorer recovery than the older group; it was shown that age was not associated with negative outcomes. [110] Literature Review. The literature review is well done and uses recent sources for those aspects of the discussion which require timely analysis, e.g., in 1990 it was well known that nurses worked in a stressful environment and so that old of a source is not a critical issue. When the authors begin discussing and citing information based on neuro-chemical studies, however, advances in that area of research would require up-to-date sources and older studies would lack reliable data. In this case, those aspects of the literature review that require modernity are properly supported with research performed within the previous year of this study (Newey & Hood 2004), and the sources used are reliable and known in the field. The authors are psychological researchers and not nurses; they do, however, use recognized studies from nurses and other scientists to support their points and give weight to

Web Project-Online File Storage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Web Project-Online File Storage - Research Paper Example Today, there are a number of backup solutions available that enables us to store files in increasingly popular cloud, and so there is no reason of foregoing the routine of backing up important data. Online data is becoming the most popular method of storage despite the availability of traditional storage devices such as USB flashes, hard drivers, and DVDs. To make it simpler online storage of data method involves storing data in the Web; thus, allowing one to access his/her information from anywhere globally. The data that one is able to store ranges from all information on an individual or company’s computer hard drive, image storage, email accounts, and text files which are made available on demand through the web servers (Broberg & Buyya 2011). The greatest benefit of online storage of data as divergent to the other methods is because of the nature of the information that is being stored virtually; it cannot be damaged or lost. This is true because most of the online data storage websites have additional feature of the stored data in their backup. Even if one accidentally deletes the data stored, the same version will always be available. There are also features that allow one to replicate and adapt the files. Another advantage is that it can be easily accessed by people who travel and are unable to access their laptops. It is also convenient for those who lose their data to computer crashes or those who forget to bring data CDs (Broberg & Buyya 2011). Lastly, it allows employees and collaborators to easily log in and access data. This may conveniently serve small business saving them some money, because networking computer will not be necessary. There are a few issues that may also arise when using online storage solutions. Security is the prime concern with a great possibility of unauthorized persons getting access to the password and the user name through other methods. This is highly risky if one uses very similar password for every site.

Islamic fund structure Essay Example for Free

Islamic fund structure Essay Introduction The concept of Islamic fund and banking system is developing over a period of couple of decades now. It could be mentioned that Islamic banking is a different approach to conventional banking and financial institutions. This is because the fundamentals of the Islamic fund, banking and financial specifications that based on the religious norms and regulations. It could also be mentioned that behind the formulation of Islamic banking and financial institutions the major reasons were instrumented by demography, historical and political influences. The major financial instrument of the Islamic funds and banking along with financial institutions could be enumerated as Sukuks. The term Sukuk is an Arabic word that is identical to the aspects of a financial instrument and is an equivalent instrument such as a bond under Islamic perspective of banking. But contrary to the usual financial instrument Sukuk is different as there are no fixed incomes as under the laws of Islam interests are seen as a crime. Therefore as an alternative it has been instrumented to use such non tangible or tangible assets that are could be classified according to the basic non tradability or tradability. But once again, under the principals of Islam these formulations could only be used in the secondary market. According to the estimation of the ‘Islamic Banking and Financial Institutions: The Progress and Probability’ published in 2005, there are around $521 billion worth of financial assets that are circulating in the fiscal market as per year ending March 2005. The entire amount of this investment regulated by principals of Islamic investment plans it could be enumerated that the entire procedure is regulated by the moral and spiritual obligations of the ‘Shari’ah’. Therefore it is seen that the Islamic financials instruments traded on GCC financials markets are huge and there are a number of countries who regularly uses this form of banking. The countries can be enumerated as USA, UK, Yemen, UAE, Turkey, Tunisia, Switzerland, Sudan, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Senegal, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Qatar, Palestine, Pakistan and around 150 countries all over the world. Malaysia is one of the key player of this form of banking. Dallah Al Baraka (Malaysia) Holding Sdn Bhd, Malayan Banking Berhad (Maybank), Kuala Lumpur, Islamic banking Takaful Dept, Bank Negara Malaysia, United Malayan Banking Corp. Berhad, Kuala Lumpur, Labuan Offshore Financial Services Authority (LOFSA) and Lembaga Urusan Dan Tabung Haji (Fund), Kuala Lumpur are the few most important financial institutions of the country. The financial institutions that that deal with the instruments can be enumerated as International Islamic Financial Markets, Mudaraba Companies, Takaful Companies (These are basically insurance companies), Islamic Mortgage Companies, Islamic Windows, Islamic Investment Funds and Banks and Islamic Banks. Under these institutions there are different plans such as Mudaraba which are basically Capital trust financing where the basic implementation is the contact which accumulates the capital along with the cost. However there are also other schemes that are marked up. Then there are also other plans under which leasing comes into consideration. This called Ijara. There is also another technique that is defined Ijara wa Iktin wa which is basically the contract of hire purchase. The basic limitations of these plans are based on the contracts between the parties but the over all scenarios are based on the principals of Islam where a financial instrument like Musharaka is treated as long termed investment under the parameters of equity arrangement. The capital supplied in this case is the bank and the clients. The profit in this case is shared among the concerned parties in according to prior agreement whereas the loss is shared in accordance to the capital invested. On the other hand another financial instrument like Mudaraba is treated as a financial credit on a short termed basis. Here the capital is supplied by the bank and the investor. The profit in this case is shared among the concerned parties in accordance to the agreed ratio and the loss is bearded by the investor alone. Therefore it could be termed that the advantages and the disadvantages along with the limitations of the market are based on different aspect of the Islamic law but in an over all sense this system is working quite well and the turn over and the volume of the entire formulation seems to develop over time. Further more it can be enumerated that the success of the GCC market is not only based on the religious beliefs but it has its financial values too that enables the uses to enjoy certain notion of tax free up to a limit and it works fine under controlled environment of the finance sector. However, the parameters of Establishing Islamic Fund to issue Islamic Bonds for Infrastructure Projects lies in the feasibility section of the economic aspects that are juxtaposed with social and international image. Aim The focal point of this research proposal is Establishing Islamic Fund to issue Islamic Bonds for Infrastructure Projects. There have been numerous research papers that have discussed other impacts such as financial, social, political and economic impact of Infrastructure Projects. Methodology and literature review in this regard would be carried out in order to evaluate the strategies from different parameters and they will be compared with each other. The strategy evaluation will vary in size, audience and theme. To analyse the strategies and their success and failure realisation, questionnaires will be used to gather key primary data amongst participants. The questionnaire will be used to measure the perception of the participants and the residents of the communities in which these events are being held. Administrators, managers and customers will also be interviewed to determine the results and objectives that were achieved by the implementation of the strategy. Objective The objective of the paper would be specific yet wide spread. Out of the several related itineraries of the paper it would be specifically noted that stress is given towards identifying potential Infrastructure Projects by Islamic Funds analysis of their successes and failures of their strategy. Alongside it would also be formulated to identify Key Consultants within the establishments and their effects as a whole. Market trends and growth would be analyzed closely and evaluated accordingly to estimate the overall potential of the events. It would also be seen that proper emphasis is provided about the research entry barriers to English and international market and how to penetrate. Lastly, the compilations of database of market sector would be made along with proper notes that would identify head of events and its financial fall outs and provide the estimated details. In this context it would be relevant to mention that marketing is one of the most important aspects for a business to grow and from a managerial point of view it is the most involved factor in the aspect of business development. This is a market research and business development along with feasibility project where the research would be able to contribute based on the experience and learns from the process. The objective would be based on the opportunity of primary research on the market and obtain real world information through interfacing directly with the client organization and its customers. Background There are several aspects behind the motion of Establishing Islamic Fund to issue Islamic Bonds for Infrastructure Projects. This should be thoroughly dealt in this section. The insects of racial discrimination, the curse of civilization, are gradually eating up out society, dissolving harmony and affection, transforming human being in weapons of carnage. Thus the society no longer remains a better place to live in. Islamophobe is a contentious neologism distinct by some as a chauvinism in opposition to, or demonization of, Muslims. The expression is documented in use as early as 1976, but came into greater prevalence in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The expression’s use has become greater than before since the September 11, 2001 attacks. It can be mentioned that this is an irrational paranoia that needs to be eradicated from the face of the earth in order to make life a bit peaceful. British authors and intellectuals like Kenan Malik have condemned the perception, calling it an allegory. According to Malik this concept bamboozles prejudice in opposition to Muslims with denigration of Islam, and is applied to silence detractors of the religion, as well as Muslims who intend to reform it. Novelist Salman Rushdie and many others signed a proclamation in March 2006, which deemed Islamophobe a desolate perception that perplexes disapproval of Islam as a religion and stigmatization of those who have faith in it. Danish politician Bashy Quraishy has mentioned that islamophobe and anti-Semitism are two faces of the same coin. In the yrar1996 the Runnymede Trust, an autonomous anti-racist think tank in the United Kingdoms, recognized the assignment on British Muslims and Islamophobe, headed by Professor Gordon Conway, the vice-chancellor of the University of Sussex. According to the report launched in November 1997 by the Home Secretary, Jack Straw, Islamophobe can be considered as a challenge for the society as a whole. It portrayed Islamophobe as concerning eight idiosyncratic characteristics such as Islam is considered as a monolithic bloc, static and insensitive to alterations. It is observed as separate and other. It does not have principles in familiar with other ethnicities, is not pretentious by them and even does not influence them. It is perceived as substandard to the West. It is observed as barbaric, unreasonable, primordial, and sexist. It is seen as brutal, violent, intimidating, encouraging of terrorism, and affianced in a clash of civilizations. It is observed as a political philosophy, designed for political or military benefit. Condemnations made of the West by Islam are discarded out of hand. Antagonism towards Islam is used to give explanation for prejudiced practices in the direction of Muslims and segregation of Muslims from conventional society. Anti-Muslim resentment is seen as usual and normal. In 1997 the British Runnymede Trust made it clear that Islamophobe as the observation that Islam has no ethics in common with other cultures, is substandard to the West, is an aggressive political ideology instead of being a religion, that its disparagement of the West have no essence, and that prejudiced practices against Muslims are justified as such. Despite the fact that Muslims do not comprise a race in isolation, the submission is that many Europeans and North Americans have an inaccurate discernment of Muslims as composing a separate a race, which in he words of Khyati Joshi is radicalization of religion. On the other hand, Muslims may be perplexed with Arabs, even though the mainstream of the worlds Muslims are not Arabs. There are several causes behind Islamophobe the prime among them is to perplex disapproval of Islam as a religion and stigmatization of those who have faith in it. Sociologists have time and again argued that there was a swing in forms of chauvinism in the 1990s from race-based discrimination to inequity based on culture and religion. In 2004, Anja Rudiger, Executive director of the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia, made it clear in an Oxford conference on Muslims in Europe that, ever since the 9/11 attacks, religion had outshined race as the most important focal point of divergence, and that an individuals religion was now looked upon as one and the same with their background. In the case of Muslims, this showed the way to another dimension of chauvinism, Rudiger argued, in that European Muslims were observed as signifying an amalgamated culture relatively different from European society, one that is strappingly correlated to certain non-European states. From Rudigers perspective, such observations are element of the course of action of classifying Islam as Europes other. Due to Islamophobe instead of engaging Muslims in debate, non-Muslims are hypothetical to sneak around them, for fear of causing felony. There are several alleged acts of Islamophobia, such as Dr Amanda Wise and Ghali Hassan from GlobalResearch. ca have assumed that the 2005 Cronulla insurrection were the consequence of an atmosphere of Islamophobe in Australia. Dalil Boubakeur, a director of a Paris mosque illustrated the wreckage on a Mosque, referred to the burning of a Muslim Sanctuaries, attacks on hijabi Muslim women all over the world as Islamophobic. Muslim activists alleged that the Forest Gate anti terror raid in London was Islamophobic. France, which has a strong secular institution separating church from State, was accused of Islamophobe when the decree on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools was approved, which prohibits the wearing of conspicuous religious symbols in public schools. In a February 10, 2004 accounted by Al Jazeera the head of the Party of Frances Muslims, Muhammad Latreche in analysing the French decree on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools was referenced as mentioning that the legislation would, institutionalise Islamophobe. In Germany, the state of Baden-Wurttemberg has anticipated set of laws that necessitate citizenship applicants from the member states of the Organization of the Islamic Conference to answer enquiries concerning their outlook on domestic aggression and other religious subjects. A BBC assessment taken in the summer of 2004 estimated that employment applicants with Muslim names were far less probable to be called for an interview than applicants whose names did not appear to be Muslim. There have been efforts in opposition to supposed Islamophobe by several organizations in various countries through out the globe. In 2006 the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) was set up as an observatory body on Islamophobe. This will keep an eye on and document activities professed as Islamophobic around the planet. Throughout the attainment talks on the subject of Turkey’s probable entry to the EU, then Prime Minister of Holland, Jan Peter Balkenende, made it clear that Islamophobe must not have an effect on the possibility of Turkeys access to the European Union. 50,000 people signed an appeal urging French President Jacques Chirac to deem Islamophobe as a new form of racism, punishable by decree. In the UK several methods directed towards limiting Islamophobe have been set up. In Tower Hamlets, a heavily populated area in London, a misdemeanour reporting system called Islamophobe† has been set up which police expect will increase consciousness of Islamophobe and facilitate them to recognize the extent of the dilemma. The British National Union of Teachers (NUT) has issued guidelines to teachers and recommending them to Challenge Islamophobe, as they have a fundamental character to play in helping to dismiss myths about Muslim communities. In 2006 the Catholic Mission Austria and the Islamic Denomination Austria formed a platform called Christians and Muslims, which endeavours against stereotypes and antagonism and intends to augment lenience and admiration. In 1991 the Islamic Culture Foundation (FUNCI) prepared, in association with UNESCO and the Institut du Monde Arabe of Paris, a worldwide symposium concerning the involvement of Islamic Civilization in European Culture. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan issued a call in 1999 to world influential to fight Islamophobe. The Muslim Council of Britain (MCB) and the Trades Union Congress (TUC) organized a colloquium on how to fight Islamophobe. History helps out us to identify ourselves, recognize who we are and be acquainted with the origin where we come from. We over and over again shrink back from hearing about our chronological times of yore for the reason that so much of it is excruciating. Islamophobe is a dejected perception that perplexes disapproval of Islam as a religion and stigmatization of those who have faith in it. Islamophobe, a myth or a kind of racism, obfuscates bias in opposition to Muslims with disparagement of Islam and that it is used to quieten detractors and Muslim reformers. But the best and fast method of assimilation into the world mainstream is economy and if the Islamic institutions are able to indulge itself in the main stream of the global economy then the possibility becomes quite high that these unwanted trends would end. Thus it is important for Establishing Islamic Fund to issue Islamic Bonds for Infrastructure Projects. But why Infrastructure Projects? The answer is simple. Once the finance runs into the parameters of infrastructure the entire influence becomes relevant to overall development as it is seen in the case of Dubai. According to a report from the Washington Times (2006), Dubai’s economy grew at around 16 per cent in the year 2005. Dubai Department of Economic Development estimated that the economy is worth $ 37 billion. The growth rate of the emirate had beaten the growth rate of China which is 8. 5 per cent. Mohammed Ali Alabhar had stated in the Washington Times The dominating industry in the emirate is the Petroleum. The wealth gained from the industry is invested in capital improvements and social services in the whole seven emirates. Production of Petroleum is concentrated in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. The Industrial Development is associated with the petroleum gains and is limited by the trained manpower that the country has and the raw materials. The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of the UAE grew by 5. 7% in 2004 having a value of $ 63. 67 Billion. The oil industry had contributed 38 percent up from 34 percent in the year 2002. Other areas that Dubai is concentrated on are the tourism and its real estate properties. Mohammed Ali Alabbar, the director of the Department of Economic Development (DED), stated that the economy of Dubai will be sustained over the long term. He further noted that as compared to the $17 billion value in the year the 2000, the accumulated growth in the last decade is among the highest rate of growth in the world. Alabbar associated this economic growth to the diversification policy of the emirate. The establishment of transparent policies that had supported and encouraged private enterprises has given the economy further confidence. The government initiatives had also enabled a continuous inflow of foreign capital, it is expected that this inflow would be maintained. Since Dubai is located in between Africa and the Middle East and also between the Far East and Europe, it had created a gateway for the 1. 5 Million consumers in the countries surrounding the Red sea and the Gulf. Its infrastructure had become an important factor in the global transport and distribution system. The emirate has 170 shipping lines inside its emirates and more than 86 airlines offers links to over 100 cities worldwide. This shows a strong shipping and transporting sector in the emirate. The sector is mostly composed of leading regional and international freight forwarders, insurers and shipping agents. The emirate also boasts its rapidly developing high quality manufacturing sector and a prosperous domestic market. All its infrastructures and services can match with the international standards. Thus like Dubai the entire Islamic world can emerge from alleged fundamentalist mode with Establishment of Islamic Fund to issue Islamic Bonds for Infrastructure Projects.

Ancient Greek Medicine Essay -- Greek History

Ancient Greek Medicine While Greek Medicine particularly from the 5th century B.C onwards, increasingly used scientific method to develop cures, there still however remained people that considered medicine to be a religion. The ancient Greeks (Hellenic) made important discoveries about the human body and health, so by the sixth century BC, medicinal practices focused largely on a more clinical approach involving observation. Their discoveries were made by firstly studying the human anatomy using dissection and vivisection, finding ways to heal using things such as plants and herbs, then finally practising surgery on the human body using different instruments. Before the scientific method developed, most people still saw medicine as a religion, and believed that superstitions, evil spirits and punishments caused illness from the gods. The best-known ancient Greek physician Hippocrates, made several important medical discoveries in Ancient Greece. He was born on the island of Cos, living from 460 B.C. - 377 B.C., and is revered as the 'Father of Medicine'. He was the first man to make medicine a profession and to see medicine as a science and not a religion. Hippocrates devised an oath, which every new doctor still swears to this day. Hippocrates and his followers looked at the cause of the disease rather than the symptoms. Hippocrates saw that diseases came from natural causes; he discovered that thought came from the brain and not from the heart, and he saw that the body needed to be treated as a whole and not just a series of parts. The theory of the four humours originated from the works of Aristotle. The idea of Humours is usually credited to Claudius Galen, a Greek physician of the second century A.D. But although he organized the idea more accessibly, he was probably not its creator. Centuries earlier, in the fourth century B.C., Hippocrates wrote of the bodily humours in his Hippocratic Corpus. The physician believed that the body was made up of four components or â€Å"four humours†. The four components are: Blood formed at the heart – Spring – Air, Phlegm in the brain – Winter – Water, Yellow Bile in the liver – Summer – Fire and Black Bile in the spleen – Autumn – Earth. Hippocrates argued that when these four fluids were out of balance disease occurred. The ideal place for a good balance of humours was (naturally) found in the centre of Greek ... ...that the strigil, a curved piece of metal with a handle used for scraping oil and sweat off the body after exercise was often used to get into small openings, so as Galen said, â€Å"After having heated the fat of a squirrel in a strigil, insert it into the auditory canal.† The invention of these instruments meant they improved as new shapes were devised. Gradually new metals and alloys were found to provide sharper edges and cheaper equipment. Most instruments were made of bronze and occasionally silver. Iron was never used as it was forbidden by the Greeks and so never used on religious grounds. Some instruments were manufactured by specialist blade makers who specialized in medical instruments rather than by an ordinary craftsman. The Romans employed many Greek physicians and through them the Greeks discoveries in medicine gradually spread throughout the ancient world. Greece was a country that gave birth to some of the most important medical pioneers in human history. Through Continuous studies, they changed people from seeing medicine as a religion. Their study of disease and the human body to the scientific method has resulted in the advanced medical knowledge we have today.

Cause of Children Obesity: Marketing of Unhealthy Foods Essay

â€Å"Daddy, there it is†¦ please stop,† my kids yell and scream from the back seat of the car as we pass by the signature golden arches of McDonalds. My children recognize the golden arches, the leprechaun on Lucky Charms cereal, and all the characters from Tinkerbell, to Dora to Scooby Doo on all the boxes of fruit snacks. Yet no one is screaming for a stick of cheese, an apple, or a banana at snack time. It’s amazing really, that foods loaded with extra calories, sugar, and fat have a colorful, fun friend attached to enhance their marketing and foods that are healthier like milk, cheese, bread and chicken do not. Everywhere you look from TV, billboards, to creative packaging unhealthy foods are being pushed to our young consumers in an irresistible manner. The US rate for childhood obesity and health issue is at an all-time high and yet we wonder why. The Marketing of unhealthy food to children, has led to the overwhelming health issues in the lives of our present generations. The creative presentation of sugar loaded, calorie laden and salt ridden snacks makes it nearly impossible for parents to offer healthier snacks to their children or to fight obesity with healthier living, therefore leading to the health issues. The advertising of unhealthy foods makes it difficult for parents to encourage healthy eating to children and leads to the obesity of the youth. Unhealthy fast food is posted all over the place and it is designed to grab the attention of the consumer on all levels. In the majority of cases it’s cheap, fast, and convenient and the packaging and presentation makes it almost impossible to say no. There are very few advertisements that focus on healthy choices for kids. I disagree, that the marketing of unhealthy foods makes it impossible for parents to present other alternatives. I do believe that marketing creates more enticing alternatives, but in my opinion it’s ultimately the parents decision what to give a child and no one is forcing them to make that decision. There are plenty of ways to present healthier alternatives to children that make them more appealing, yet they may be more time consuming and at times not seen as being as economical. However, I personally did a little experiment where I compared the amount I spent eating out for an entire week breakfast, lunch and dinner to the amount spent purchasing healthier foods and preparing my meals at home. At the end of the week I had spent $10 less eating at home than I did eating out. Yes, it was more time consuming but as they say anything worth having is worth fighting for and what is a little time when it comes to your children’s health and well-being. The second major issue with creative marketing of unhealthy foods is the difficulty it creates in fighting obesity and promoting a healthier lifestyle. Most favorite snacks and meals that are encouraged are high in calories, salt and sugar which lead excess weight gain and cause non-communicable diseases like high blood pressure and juvenile diabetes. They also are not high in nutritional value, leading to low energy levels, further causing sedentary lifestyles and sluggish behavior. I disagree that marketing alone makes it difficult to encourage healthier living, because more goes into play in healthy living than what you eat alone. I believe that the advancement of technology and generation X, also encourages a very sedentary lifestyle. Young people are not nearly as active as earlier generations because technology puts everything within sitting reach for entertainment, and all the blame can’t rest on big bad food marketing. However with that being pointed out, I do believe it all goes back to parenting. In my opinion parents who encourage more active lifestyles, sports and creative alternatives to gaming systems, laptops and TV help to fight obesity. Taking responsibility for your children’s health, diets and activity levels is part of the responsibility of parenting, and to simply blame it on marketing and fast food restaurants because you don’t want the hassle of saying no repeatedly, standing your ground or being the bad guy is simply a scape goat.

The Sales Market The Total Boxed Chocolate Market

INTRODUCTION The overall confectionery market remains robust and of significant size at  £3.9 billion and it maintained a 2% growth in value over the past year, driven by price rather than volume. Thorntons’ focus within this is the total boxed chocolate market, which grew 3% over the past year to  £748 million. In the UK Commercial channel, Thornton retained their position as one of the top three brands within the boxed chocolate market with an 11.5% market share (2013: 11.9%) and also remained a clear leader in their core inlaid boxed chocolate market, with a 34.5% share (2013: 35.2%). The total gifting market, at  £39.4 billion, is more than ten times the size of the confectionery market and similarly grew at 2% over the past year. Thorntons is a British chocolate company established by Joseph William Thornton in 1911. Turnover in its annual report of 2014 was declared at  £222.4 million with 260 stores and cafes across the UK and Ireland and 175 franchises. 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